Education Level (Highest Completed)

Variable Definition

Respondent’s education was harmonized using the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) harmonization definitions representing the highest level of education completed. “Less than Primary” includes those with no education completed and those with less than primary education completed. “Primary” includes those who completed primary education, but with incomplete secondary education. “Secondary” includes those who completed secondary education, those who completed post-secondary education that was not at a university (e.g., technical school), and those who initiated university education but did not complete their university education. “University or higher” includes those who completed a university degree and those who completed more than a university degree, including those with incomplete graduate studies. Graduate studies cannot be distinguished across all countries since not every country asks respondents about any post-university studies (post university is the term sometimes used for masters and doctoral degrees in some countries of the region).